ABSTRACT AJ Cronin (1896–1981) was a Scottish-born doctor-turned-novelist whose most famous novel is The Citadel, published in 1937. The book describes the. In The Citadel, Manson describes the project as “imbecile”: foisted on him by machinations within the committee to which he was answerable. Cronin travelled the country with his wife, and visited more than 500 collieries.

First edition Author Country United Kingdom Language English Published 1937 (UK) (US) Media type Print (hardback & paperback) Pages 446 pp. (UK hardcover) The Citadel is a novel by, first published in 1937, which was groundbreaking in its treatment of the contentious theme of medical ethics. It has been credited with laying the foundation in Great Britain for the introduction of the a decade later. In the United States, it won the for 1937 novels, voted by members of the. For his fifth book, Dr. Cronin drew on his experiences practising medicine in the coal mining communities of the, as he had for two years earlier. Install Openssl Php Extension Centos Version. Specifically, he had researched and reported on the correlation between coal dust inhalation and lung disease in the town of.

He had also worked as a doctor for the at the, which served as the model for the. Cronin once stated in an interview, 'I have written in The Citadel all I feel about the medical profession, its injustices, its hide-bound unscientific stubbornness, its humbug. The horrors and inequities detailed in the story I have personally witnessed.

This is not an attack against individuals, but against a system.' Contents • • • • • Plot summary [ ] In October 1924, Andrew Manson, an idealistic, newly qualified doctor, arrives from Scotland to work as assistant to Doctor Page in the small (fictitious) Welsh mining town of Drineffy (Blaenelly is the name given in some adaptations). He quickly realises that Page is unwell and disabled and that he has to do all the work for a meagre wage. Shocked by the unsanitary conditions he discovers, Manson works to improve matters and receives the support of Dr Philip Denny, a cynical semi-alcoholic who, Manson finds out in due course, took a post as an assistant doctor after having fallen from grace as a surgeon.

Resigning, he obtains a post as assistant in a miners' medical aid scheme in 'Aberalaw', a neighbouring coal mining town in the. On the strength of this job, Manson marries Christine Barlow, a junior school teacher.

Christine helps her husband with his research. Eager to improve the lives of his patients, mainly coal miners, Manson dedicates many hours to research in his chosen field of lung disease. Canon Ir3300 Printer Driver Free Download Windows 7 32 Bit there. He studies for, and is granted, the, and when his research is published, an MD. Ayrton Senna Principles Of Race Driving Pdf Printer on this page. The research gains him a post with the 'Mines Fatigue Board' in London, but he resigns after six months to set up a private practice. Seduced by the thought of easy money from wealthy clients rather than the principles he started out with, Manson becomes involved with pampered private patients and fashionable surgeons and drifts away from his wife.

A patient dies because of a surgeon's ineptitude, and the incident causes Manson to abandon his practice and return to his principles. He and his wife repair their damaged relationship, but then she is run over by a bus and killed. Since Manson has accused the incompetent surgeon of murder, he is vindictively reported to the for having worked with an American specialist, Richard Stillman, who does not have a medical degree, even though the patient had been successfully treated at his clinic. Stillman's treatment, that of involved collapsing an affected lung with, and was not universally accepted at the time.

Despite his lawyer's gloomy prognosis, Manson forcefully justifies his actions during the hearing and is not struck off the medical register. Historical context [ ] The novel is of interest because of its portrayal of a voluntary contribution medical association which is based (not entirely uncritically) on the for which Cronin worked for a time in the 1920s, and which in due course became the inspiration for the as established under. Adaptations [ ] The novel was made into a with,, and, and television versions include one American (), two British ( & ), and two Italian ( & ) adaptations of the novel. There are also three film adaptations of the novel in Indian languages: (1971) in, (1972) in and (1982) in.